{"id":1053,"date":"2026-03-26T03:21:18","date_gmt":"2026-03-26T03:21:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/trieuminh.com\/?p=1053"},"modified":"2026-06-28T07:38:31","modified_gmt":"2026-06-28T07:38:31","slug":"bang-tinh-cap-thoat-nuoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/trieuminh.com\/en\/bang-tinh-cap-thoat-nuoc\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u1eacP B\u1ea2NG T\u00cdNH C\u1ea4P THO\u00c1T N\u01af\u1edaC"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 data-section-id=\"bhenbl\" data-start=\"151\" data-end=\"260\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"LAP_BANG_TINH_CAP_THOAT_NUOC_TAI_FILE_BEN_DUOI\"><\/span><strong>L\u1eacP B\u1ea2NG T\u00cdNH C\u1ea4P THO\u00c1T N\u01af\u1edaC <\/strong><strong>(T\u1ea2I FILE B\u00caN D\u01af\u1edaI)<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<h2 data-section-id=\"65d9ck\" data-start=\"262\" data-end=\"324\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_Tong_quan_ve_lap_bang_tinh_trong_thiet_ke_cap_thoat_nuoc\"><\/span>1. T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea5p tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"326\" data-end=\"636\">Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc cho c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng Excel \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00fap k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft m\u00e0 c\u00f2n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc, logic v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"638\" data-end=\"969\">Thay v\u00ec th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c, b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh Excel cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ecdi thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian, gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u sai s\u00f3t v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/trieuminh.com\/en\/bang-tinh-cap-thoat-nuoc\/#LAP_BANG_TINH_CAP_THOAT_NUOC_TAI_FILE_BEN_DUOI\" >L\u1eacP B\u1ea2NG T\u00cdNH C\u1ea4P THO\u00c1T N\u01af\u1edaC (T\u1ea2I FILE B\u00caN D\u01af\u1edaI)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/trieuminh.com\/en\/bang-tinh-cap-thoat-nuoc\/#1_Tong_quan_ve_lap_bang_tinh_trong_thiet_ke_cap_thoat_nuoc\" >1. T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea5p tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/trieuminh.com\/en\/bang-tinh-cap-thoat-nuoc\/#2_Nguyen_tac_ap_dung_tieu_chuan_trong_bang_tinh\" >2. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n trong b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/trieuminh.com\/en\/bang-tinh-cap-thoat-nuoc\/#3_Phuong_phap_lap_bang_tinh_cap_nuoc_theo_trinh_tu_ro_rang\" >3. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eadp b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/trieuminh.com\/en\/bang-tinh-cap-thoat-nuoc\/#31_Xay_dung_du_lieu_dau_vao_Sheet_Input\" >3.1 X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o (Sheet Input)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/trieuminh.com\/en\/bang-tinh-cap-thoat-nuoc\/#32_Xac_dinh_luu_luong_nuoc_trung_binh\" >3.2. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc trung b\u00ecnh<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/trieuminh.com\/en\/bang-tinh-cap-thoat-nuoc\/#33_Ap_dung_he_so_trong_tinh_toan_luu_luong\" >3.3. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 trong t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/trieuminh.com\/en\/bang-tinh-cap-thoat-nuoc\/#He_so_su_dung_dong_thoi\" >H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/trieuminh.com\/en\/bang-tinh-cap-thoat-nuoc\/#He_so_khong_dieu_hoa\" >H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/trieuminh.com\/en\/bang-tinh-cap-thoat-nuoc\/#34_Tinh_toan_duong_kinh_ong_dua_tren_luu_luong_va_van_toc\" >3.4. T\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u1ed1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/trieuminh.com\/en\/bang-tinh-cap-thoat-nuoc\/#35_Tinh_toan_ton_that_ap_luc_va_kiem_tra_dieu_kien_lam_viec\" >3.5. T\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/trieuminh.com\/en\/bang-tinh-cap-thoat-nuoc\/#Ton_that_doc_duong_ong\" >T\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t d\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/trieuminh.com\/en\/bang-tinh-cap-thoat-nuoc\/#Ton_that_cuc_bo\" >T\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/trieuminh.com\/en\/bang-tinh-cap-thoat-nuoc\/#4_Phuong_phap_lap_bang_tinh_thoat_nuoc_chi_tiet\" >4. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eadp b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc chi ti\u1ebft<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/trieuminh.com\/en\/bang-tinh-cap-thoat-nuoc\/#5_Phuong_phap_lap_bang_tinh_thiet_ke_ho_boi\" >5. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eadp b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/trieuminh.com\/en\/bang-tinh-cap-thoat-nuoc\/#6_Nguyen_tac_to_chuc_bang_tinh_Excel_ro_rang_va_de_kiem_soat\" >6. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh Excel r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/trieuminh.com\/en\/bang-tinh-cap-thoat-nuoc\/#Khu_vuc_du_lieu_dau_vao\" >Khu v\u1ef1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/trieuminh.com\/en\/bang-tinh-cap-thoat-nuoc\/#Khu_vuc_tinh_toan\" >Khu v\u1ef1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/trieuminh.com\/en\/bang-tinh-cap-thoat-nuoc\/#Khu_vuc_ket_qua\" >Khu v\u1ef1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/trieuminh.com\/en\/bang-tinh-cap-thoat-nuoc\/#7_Ket_luan_file_mau\" >7. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn, file m\u1eabu<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/trieuminh.com\/en\/bang-tinh-cap-thoat-nuoc\/#TAI_FILE_BANG_TINH_THEO_LINK_BEN_DUOI\" >T\u1ea2I FILE B\u1ea2NG T\u00cdNH THEO LINK B\u00caN D\u01af\u1edaI<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/trieuminh.com\/en\/bang-tinh-cap-thoat-nuoc\/#8_Lien_He\" >8. Li\u00ean H\u1ec7:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-4' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/trieuminh.com\/en\/bang-tinh-cap-thoat-nuoc\/#CONG_TY_TNHH_KY_THUAT_CONG_NGHE_TRIEU_MINH\" >TRIEU MINH ENGINEERING COMPANY<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/trieuminh.com\/en\/bang-tinh-cap-thoat-nuoc\/#DIA_CHI_109_NGUYEN_THI_NHUNG_P_HIEP_BINH_TP_HO_CHI_MINH\" >\u0110\u1ecaA CH\u1ec8: 109 NGUY\u1ec4N TH\u1eca NHUNG. P. HI\u1ec6P B\u00ccNH, TP. H\u1ed2 CH\u00cd MINH<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-25\" href=\"https:\/\/trieuminh.com\/en\/bang-tinh-cap-thoat-nuoc\/#MAIL_TRIEUMINHTRIEUMINHCOM\" >MAIL: TRIEUMINH@TRIEUMINH.COM<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-26\" href=\"https:\/\/trieuminh.com\/en\/bang-tinh-cap-thoat-nuoc\/#DIEN_THOAI_ZALO_0976422223\" >\u0110I\u1ec6N THO\u1ea0I (ZALO): 0976.422.223<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-27\" href=\"https:\/\/trieuminh.com\/en\/bang-tinh-cap-thoat-nuoc\/#Xem_them\" >More<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p data-start=\"971\" data-end=\"1296\">M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea5p tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u sheet ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, bao g\u1ed3m: sheet nh\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, sheet t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc, sheet t\u00ednh to\u00e1n tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, sheet t\u00ednh to\u00e1n b\u01a1m, sheet t\u00ednh dung t\u00edch b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a v\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u00eam sheet t\u00ednh to\u00e1n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"971\" data-end=\"1296\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1045\" src=\"https:\/\/trieuminh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/mep-contractors.jpg\" alt=\"MEP CONTRATOR\" width=\"1122\" height=\"631\" srcset=\"https:\/\/trieuminh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/mep-contractors.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/trieuminh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/mep-contractors-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1122px) 100vw, 1122px\" \/><\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"1298\" data-end=\"1301\" \/>\n<h2 data-section-id=\"1oq0iph\" data-start=\"1303\" data-end=\"1354\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_Nguyen_tac_ap_dung_tieu_chuan_trong_bang_tinh\"><\/span>2. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n trong b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"1356\" data-end=\"1652\">\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1p l\u00fd trong h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eadp b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1654\" data-end=\"1898\">Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n trong b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf vi\u1ec7c tra c\u1ee9u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 c\u00f2n bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u1eb1m trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cho ph\u00e9p.<\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"1900\" data-end=\"1903\" \/>\n<h2 data-section-id=\"128hsqs\" data-start=\"1905\" data-end=\"1967\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_Phuong_phap_lap_bang_tinh_cap_nuoc_theo_trinh_tu_ro_rang\"><\/span>3. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eadp b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<h3 data-section-id=\"1h9qurv\" data-start=\"1969\" data-end=\"2015\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"31_Xay_dung_du_lieu_dau_vao_Sheet_Input\"><\/span>3.1 X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o (Sheet Input)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"2017\" data-end=\"2246\">B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eadp b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh l\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t sheet d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, s\u1ed1 t\u1ea7ng, danh s\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1ec7 sinh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 li\u00ean quan kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2248\" data-end=\"2482\">Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 Data Validation ho\u1eb7c danh s\u00e1ch l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn (dropdown list) s\u1ebd gi\u00fap h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u00e1c sai s\u00f3t do nh\u1eadp li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_1055\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-1055\" style=\"width: 892px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1055\" title=\"L\u1eacP B\u1ea2NG T\u00cdNH THI\u1ebeT K\u1ebe C\u1ea4P THO\u00c1T N\u01af\u1edaC\" src=\"https:\/\/trieuminh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/so-do-thiet-ke-ctn.png\" alt=\"L\u1eacP B\u1ea2NG T\u00cdNH THI\u1ebeT K\u1ebe C\u1ea4P THO\u00c1T N\u01af\u1edaC\" width=\"892\" height=\"1338\" srcset=\"https:\/\/trieuminh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/so-do-thiet-ke-ctn.png 1024w, https:\/\/trieuminh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/so-do-thiet-ke-ctn-768x1152.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 892px) 100vw, 892px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-1055\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">L\u1eacP B\u1ea2NG T\u00cdNH C\u1ea4P THO\u00c1T N\u01af\u1edaC<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<hr data-start=\"2484\" data-end=\"2487\" \/>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"32_Xac_dinh_luu_luong_nuoc_trung_binh\"><\/span>3.2. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc trung b\u00ecnh<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>L\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng trong m\u1ecdi b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea7n cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 24 gi\u1edd. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trung b\u00ecnh s\u1ebd gi\u00fap k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung t\u00edch b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y b\u01a1m v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p ngay t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh. M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Qtb = N \u00d7 q<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Qtb: L\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc trung b\u00ecnh (l\u00edt\/ng\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c m\u00b3\/ng\u00e0y).<\/li>\n<li>N: T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<li>q: Ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Khi l\u1eadp b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea7n th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i t\u1eebng khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, khu c\u0103n h\u1ed9, khu th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng, kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e0 x\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"33_Ap_dung_he_so_trong_tinh_toan_luu_luong\"><\/span>3.3. \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 trong t\u00ednh to\u00e1n l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo t\u1eebng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m trong ng\u00e0y. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f9ng l\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi. V\u00ec v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m cao \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea7n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh nh\u1eb1m m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng s\u00e1t h\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"He_so_su_dung_dong_thoi\"><\/span>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f9ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m. H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u1ec7 sinh l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 chung c\u01b0 cao t\u1ea7ng, kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n, trung t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn g\u00e2y l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"He_so_khong_dieu_hoa\"><\/span>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc theo th\u1eddi gian trong ng\u00e0y. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd t\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c khung gi\u1edd cao \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, gi\u1edd ngh\u1ec9 tr\u01b0a ho\u1eb7c bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i sau khi k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a gi\u00fap h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee3t t\u0103ng t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t m\u00e0 v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Qtt = Qtb \u00d7 K\u0111t \u00d7 Kk\u0111h<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Qtt: L\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n.<\/li>\n<li>Qtb: L\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trung b\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<li>K\u0111t: H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi.<\/li>\n<li>Kk\u0111h: H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u1ed1ng, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t b\u01a1m v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"34_Tinh_toan_duong_kinh_ong_dua_tren_luu_luong_va_van_toc\"><\/span>3.4. T\u00ednh to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u1ed1ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Sau khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn g\u00e2y l\u00e3ng ph\u00ed chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadt t\u01b0 v\u00e0 t\u0103ng di\u1ec7n t\u00edch l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q = A \u00d7 v<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Q: L\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc (m\u00b3\/s).<\/li>\n<li>A: Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a \u1ed1ng (m\u00b2).<\/li>\n<li>v: V\u1eadn t\u1ed1c n\u01b0\u1edbc trong \u1ed1ng (m\/s).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng tr\u00f2n:<\/p>\n<p><strong>A = (\u03c0 \u00d7 D\u00b2) \/ 4<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 suy ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u1ed1ng:<\/p>\n<p><strong>D = \u221a(4Q \/ \u03c0v)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c n\u01b0\u1edbc trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n cho ph\u00e9p nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>V\u1eadn t\u1ed1c qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng nguy c\u01a1 l\u1eafng c\u1eb7n, t\u1ea1o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi khu\u1ea9n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<li>V\u1eadn t\u1ed1c qu\u00e1 cao s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t \u00e1p l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, g\u00e2y rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u00e1t sinh ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n.<\/li>\n<li>Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c h\u1ee3p l\u00fd gi\u00fap t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 chi ph\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u01a1m c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"35_Tinh_toan_ton_that_ap_luc_va_kiem_tra_dieu_kien_lam_viec\"><\/span>3.5. T\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>T\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t \u00e1p l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed xa ho\u1eb7c cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ed5ng t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng bao g\u1ed3m hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ton_that_doc_duong_ong\"><\/span>T\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t d\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t sinh do ma s\u00e1t gi\u1eefa d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u00ean trong c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng trong su\u1ed1t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i tuy\u1ebfn \u1ed1ng, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ton_that_cuc_bo\"><\/span>T\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>T\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u1eb7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i ti\u1ebft di\u1ec7n d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n co 45 \u0111\u1ed9, co 90 \u0111\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ed5i h\u01b0\u1edbng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/li>\n<li>C\u00e1c t\u00ea chia nh\u00e1nh, t\u00ea thu gom ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau trong c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n<li>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng van kh\u00f3a, van gi\u1ea3m \u00e1p, van m\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y b\u1ecb c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ed9 l\u1ecdc, van c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 tr\u1ee3 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Sau khi t\u00ednh to\u00e1n t\u1ed5ng t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ed9t \u00e1p y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00e1y b\u01a1m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u00e1p l\u1ef1c theo \u0111\u00fang thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_Phuong_phap_lap_bang_tinh_thoat_nuoc_chi_tiet\"><\/span>4. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eadp b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc chi ti\u1ebft<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng theo nguy\u00ean l\u00fd t\u1ef1 ch\u1ea3y. Do \u0111\u00f3, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ea7n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf l\u1eafng c\u1eb7n v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>Khi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 sau:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea3y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ecdng n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea3y qu\u00e1 nhanh l\u00e0m ph\u00e2n t\u1ea7ng ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn.<\/li>\n<li>V\u1eadn t\u1ed1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y trong \u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1t v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch nh\u1eb1m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ed1i \u0111a nguy c\u01a1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 c\u1eb7n b\u1ea9n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sinh m\u00f9i h\u00f4i trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng cho s\u1ef1 gia t\u0103ng nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/li>\n<li>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed1 ga, c\u1eeda th\u0103m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ki\u1ec3m tra ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u1eb1m t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec, th\u00f4ng t\u1eafc v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ef3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c Manning th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong t\u00ednh to\u00e1n tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q = (1\/n) \u00d7 A \u00d7 R^(2\/3) \u00d7 I^(1\/2)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Q: L\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y.<\/li>\n<li>n: H\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 nh\u00e1m Manning.<\/li>\n<li>A: Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch m\u1eb7t c\u1eaft d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y.<\/li>\n<li>R: B\u00e1n k\u00ednh th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c.<\/li>\n<li>I: \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ed1c th\u1ee7y l\u1ef1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr \/>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_Phuong_phap_lap_bang_tinh_thiet_ke_ho_boi\"><\/span>5. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1eadp b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd t\u00ednh to\u00e1n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n so v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc sinh ho\u1ea1t do \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc trong h\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd theo chu k\u1ef3 nh\u1eb1m duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec7 sinh.<\/p>\n<p>L\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Q = V \/ T<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Q: L\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n (m\u00b3\/h).<\/li>\n<li>V: Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i (m\u00b3).<\/li>\n<li>T: Th\u1eddi gian tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n (gi\u1edd).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Th\u1ec3 t\u00edch h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p><strong>V = L \u00d7 B \u00d7 H<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L: Chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i h\u1ed3.<\/li>\n<li>B: Chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng h\u1ed3.<\/li>\n<li>H: Chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Sau khi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ea7n t\u00ednh to\u00e1n bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>C\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y b\u01a1m tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch n\u01b0\u1edbc theo th\u1eddi gian y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/li>\n<li>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh l\u1ecdc c\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u1ecdc \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li>\n<li>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u1ed1ng h\u00fat v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh \u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m ti\u00eau hao n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/li>\n<li>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1ng tr\u00e0n, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 nh\u1eb1m duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian khai th\u00e1c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a v\u00ec l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_Nguyen_tac_to_chuc_bang_tinh_Excel_ro_rang_va_de_kiem_soat\"><\/span>6. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh Excel r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh Excel chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng theo c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac logic, d\u1ec5 ki\u1ec3m tra v\u00e0 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt khi c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh ba ph\u1ea7n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Khu_vuc_du_lieu_dau_vao\"><\/span>Khu v\u1ef1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Bao g\u1ed3m to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 ban \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i tuy\u1ebfn \u1ed1ng, cao \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Khu_vuc_tinh_toan\"><\/span>Khu v\u1ef1c t\u00ednh to\u00e1n<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Bao g\u1ed3m to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh trung gian ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y, t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Khu_vuc_ket_qua\"><\/span>Khu v\u1ef1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf nh\u01b0 k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng, dung t\u00edch b\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a, c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t m\u00e1y b\u01a1m, \u00e1p l\u1ef1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 ki\u1ec3m tra k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u00e0m Excel nh\u01b0 IF, SUMIF, SUMIFS, VLOOKUP, XLOOKUP, INDEX-MATCH v\u00e0 Conditional Formatting \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, ki\u1ec3m tra d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o l\u1ed7i. Vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n h\u00f3a b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ebd gi\u00fap n\u00e2ng cao \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m th\u1eddi gian thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c th\u1ea9m tra, nghi\u1ec7m thu c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"6070\" data-end=\"6261\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-856\" src=\"https:\/\/trieuminh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/ppr.jpg\" alt=\"THI C\u00d4NG \u1ed0NG N\u01af\u1edaC\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" \/><\/p>\n<hr data-start=\"6263\" data-end=\"6266\" \/>\n<h2 data-section-id=\"1vks87a\" data-start=\"6268\" data-end=\"6282\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_Ket_luan_file_mau\"><\/span>7. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn, file m\u1eabu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"6284\" data-end=\"6586\">Vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh trong thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea5p tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng logic, khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t cao, gi\u00fap k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, t\u1ed1i \u01b0u chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"6588\" data-end=\"6788\">M\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u00fang ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tri\u1ec3n khai thi c\u00f4ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"TAI_FILE_BANG_TINH_THEO_LINK_BEN_DUOI\"><\/span>T\u1ea2I FILE B\u1ea2NG T\u00cdNH THEO LINK B\u00caN D\u01af\u1edaI<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<div style=\"margin:8px 0;\">\n            <a href=\"#\" class=\"dl-item\"\n               data-link=\"https:\/\/trieuminh.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Bang-tinh-cap-thoat-nuoc-toa-nha.xls\"\n               data-time=\"45\"\n               data-text=\"B\u1ea2NG T\u00cdNH C\u1ea4P THO\u00c1T N\u01af\u1edaC\"\n               style=\"color:#007bff;font-weight:bold;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none;\">\n               B\u1ea2NG T\u00cdNH C\u1ea4P THO\u00c1T N\u01af\u1edaC\n            <\/a>\n        <\/div>\n<h1 data-section-id=\"1ioo5z0\" data-start=\"7258\" data-end=\"7268\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_Lien_He\"><\/span>8. Li\u00ean H\u1ec7:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n cho b\u1ea1n c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p tth\u00ec vui l\u00f2ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i trong th\u1eddi gian s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"CONG_TY_TNHH_KY_THUAT_CONG_NGHE_TRIEU_MINH\"><\/span><strong>TRIEU MINH ENGINEERING COMPANY<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"DIA_CHI_109_NGUYEN_THI_NHUNG_P_HIEP_BINH_TP_HO_CHI_MINH\"><\/span><strong>\u0110\u1ecaA CH\u1ec8: 109 NGUY\u1ec4N TH\u1eca NHUNG. P. HI\u1ec6P B\u00ccNH, TP. H\u1ed2 CH\u00cd MINH<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"MAIL_TRIEUMINHTRIEUMINHCOM\"><\/span><strong>MAIL: TRIEUMINH@TRIEUMINH.COM<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><strong>WEB:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/Trieuminh.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/Trieuminh.com<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: left;\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"DIEN_THOAI_ZALO_0976422223\"><\/span><strong>\u0110I\u1ec6N THO\u1ea0I (ZALO): 0976.422.223<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Xem_them\"><\/span>More<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/trieuminh.com\/en\/thi-cong-lap-dat-he-thong-cap-thoat-nuoc\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">INSTALLATION OF WATER SUPPLY AND DRAINAGE SYSTEMS<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/trieuminh.com\/en\/bien-phap-thi-cong-he-thong-cap-thoat-nuoc\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BI\u1ec6N PH\u00c1P THI C\u00d4NG H\u1ec6 TH\u1ed0NG C\u1ea4P THO\u00c1T N\u01af\u1edaC<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/trieuminh.com\/en\/bien-phap-thi-cong-cap-thoat-nuoc-ha-tang\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BI\u1ec6N PH\u00c1P THI C\u00d4NG C\u1ea4P THO\u00c1T N\u01af\u1edaC H\u1ea0 T\u1ea6NG<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/trieuminh.com\/en\/10-luu-y-khi-thi-cong-cap-thoat-nuoc-ha-tang\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10 L\u01afU \u00dd KHI THI C\u00d4NG C\u1ea4P THO\u00c1T N\u01af\u1edaC H\u1ea0 T\u1ea6NG<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/trieuminh.com\/en\/huong-dan-van-hanh-cap-thoat-nuoc-toa-nha\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">H\u01af\u1edaNG D\u1eaaN V\u1eacN H\u00c0NH C\u1ea4P THO\u00c1T N\u01af\u1edaC T\u00d2A NH\u00c0<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/trieuminh.com\/en\/tinh-toan-chon-bom\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">T\u00cdNH TO\u00c1N CH\u1eccN B\u01a0M TRONG H\u1ec6 TH\u1ed0NG MEP<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/trieuminh.com\/en\/chi-dan-ky-thuat-he-thong-cap-thoat-nuoc\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CH\u1ec8 D\u1eaaN K\u1ef8 THU\u1eacT H\u1ec6 TH\u1ed0NG C\u1ea4P THO\u00c1T N\u01af\u1edaC<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/trieuminh.com\/en\/thuyet-minh-thiet-ke-he-thong-cap-thoat-nuoc\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">THUY\u1ebeT MINH THI\u1ebeT K\u1ebe H\u1ec6 TH\u1ed0NG C\u1ea4P THO\u00c1T N\u01af\u1edaC<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a title=\"Fanpage Tri\u1ec1u Minh\" href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/profile.php?id=61586129903680\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">FANPAGE TRI\u1ec0U MINH<\/a><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"6588\" data-end=\"6788\">\n<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L\u1eacP B\u1ea2NG T\u00cdNH C\u1ea4P THO\u00c1T N\u01af\u1edaC (T\u1ea2I FILE B\u00caN D\u01af\u1edaI) 1. 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